Characteristics of the tropical cyclones before making landfall in <scp>China</scp>

Tropical cyclones (TCs) before landfall deserve great concerns, which directly affect the following forecasts and alarm-issuing. In 1949–2021, nearly 29% of total number TCs that originated over western North Pacific (WNP) South China Sea (SCS) made in China. Of them, those from WNP display a significantly lower (higher) ratio making (south China) (the second year after) El Niño years. At 48 h landfall, TC centers significant inter-annual variations zonal direction, but only additionally show inter-decadal meridional are probably attributed to Niño–Southern Oscillation large-scale environment both ocean atmosphere. Once they move into distance ~660 km (~900 km) away south southeast (east) coastlines China, probability subsequent 24 is increasing. 3 days decreasing (increasing) uncertainty translation speed (moving direction) as moved close land, regardless either origination or destination. general, moving direction west-northwestward dominates majority if WNP, exhibits clockwise rotation trend tends faster approached land. comparison, stayed SCS largest most frequent abnormal tracks. For intensity (maximum wind speed), generally stronger than SCS. Their intensities vary range −5 m s−1 5 each connective 6 east uncertainty. particular, attention should be paid originating approaching future, rapid intensification occurred with frequency occurrence after years period investigated.